The database has version 12 but the largest supported version is 11

This sounds a bit like testing of things before settling down on old system partition.
Did testing get into testing Duplicati Canary? That would use database version 12.

What OS, and what’s on the system partition? Where is Duplicati’s database kept?
They’re often in a home directory or a user profile, but install as service is different.

Your situation is unclear, but basic path options are to go back to Canary then install
updates after they have proven themselves (or sooner if you prefer to help with test),
or get the database to 2.0.6.3 version by database Recreate or by manual edit using
DB Browser for SQLite or similar to change a 12 to an 11. I think extra indexes won’t
immediately cause trouble, but next upgrade to Canary might complain they’re there.
Completely undoing the Canary enhancement would mean removing new indexes in
Add indexes to improve backup query performance. Example of different drop is here
however I don’t think I’ve done a “drop index” yet. I’m also not super expert with SQL.

I’m on 2.0.6.104, and here’s a 12 that I propose changing for 2.0.6.3. I haven’t tested:

image

EDIT:

I suppose for completeness I’ll mention that you can delete the database and destination.
Starting fresh is probably the simplest and most reliable path, but you’d lose old versions.
I don’t know if this hurts, because I don’t know your partitioning and backup arrangement.