In addition to not being a C# developer, I’m not hugely familiar with .NET Framework timeout behavior. Several reported cases have been solved by increasing the OneDrive timeout. It’s not highly common.
Rather than try to debug by inspection (without debuggers), let’s hear from @Richard_Monckton first.
EDIT 1:
If this one is not a timeout problem, then please look at About → Show log → Live → Retry or set up a
log-file=<path> log-file-log-level=retry (might wind up at verbose or higher later) to see what happened.
EDIT 2:
The most solid evidence that this timeout is not infinite (though I can’t diagram the code path) is seeing “HTTP timeout 00:01:40 exceeded.” as seen here, which was a download. Current one may be upload, however without more logging (or a timeout tweak) we don’t even know for sure that this was a timeout.
I think this OneDrive timeout at 1:40 (100 seconds) is on upload, and increasing timeout solved timeout.
I’m citing experimental test results here. Possibly the cited code isn’t run here, or doing what one thinks.