Duplicati is written in C# and uses the standard enumeration and access. It is technically possible to use other Windows API calls, but the ones in C# are the ones the .NET team (mostly Microsoft) considers the “best ones”.
I agree with your statement, it should not matter, but there are always details.
Not really, it is not designed for that. It makes differential backups, only unknown stuff, but I don’t think that detail is relevant for your case.
This is likely the problem. Duplicati expects a local file system as the source. It should in principle work with a mounted folder, but it looks like there is some small quirk here.
I think this is the same issue we discussed in “Failed backup but why”, but there it was the destination that was a NetWare folder, and here it is the source?
I have found a new article that mentions the same problem and it states that it is an issue with NetWare not supporting long paths:
Based on that, I think there is some issue with the paths, where C#/.NET/Duplicati transforms the paths from old-style C:\Folder\File
to the newer UNC style \\?\C:\Folder\File
and this does not work with the NetWare drivers.
Another comment here says anything larger than 5MB seems to fail:
https://community.opentext.com/img/oes/f/discussions/480899/windows-7-64-bit-can-t-copy-large-files-to-netware-6-5-sp8/1104886
And I saw a recommendation to update the Novel Client, if that is possible.