"Duplicati.GUI.TrayIcon.exe --no-hosted-server" not working

Maybe you hit a bug that has since been fixed. You can see if your view matches.

Like this?

If so, status is:

v2.1.0.109_canary_2025-02-11

Fixed multiple issues with TrayIcon state

Since a fix was done, maybe the developer knows of workaround until non-testers get this?

One workaround might be to not open from TrayIcon. Use URL in browser (e.g. bookmark).

This loses the passwordless login of TrayIcon, but you seemingly have the password set up.