I had a profiling log (also with --profile-all-database-queries) in the script. Retry mentions there were:
2023-08-15 15:35:36 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 2/6 of remote file duplicati-b113cbcbb2f444e1a99d8c31f9d131a43.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-15 17:05:43 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Main.BackendManager-RetryList]: Operation List with file attempt 1 of 5 failed with message: BadGateway: Bad Gateway error from request https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/root:/Duplicati Backups/onedrive_compact:/children
2023-08-15 17:05:43 -04 - [Information-Duplicati.Library.Main.BasicResults-BackendEvent]: Backend event: List - Retrying: ()
2023-08-15 17:45:25 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 0/1 of remote file duplicati-b9278fb42c77a49cea9e7b7fc6fba4647.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-15 18:46:37 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 0/1 of remote file duplicati-bb79b33bbef5d476ba2ab9b4012d94b24.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-15 19:20:43 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 0/2 of remote file duplicati-bd69ab1b10fab475d80bd371974ab13c4.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-15 19:53:56 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 1/4 of remote file duplicati-bbc45cb406aa04672808b64a701d6ccf9.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-15 20:46:07 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Main.BackendManager-RetryGet]: Operation Get with file duplicati-i83a7217ad93243829c65fbccb0f3aba7.dindex.zip attempt 1 of 5 failed with message: ServiceUnavailable: Service Unavailable error from request https://public.dm.files.1drv.com/y4mEWvuaH9n3q8n2hLRPwnV8X5fmapmKC0LT8M8Xx4a4MVp5xqt3aG5L33GL4YZJGHaKsVOZyr_pxmj_uDq52juIOgIy5pacr5EoWICy-ANwmrAh7coDW2NeQ6sB6DiASHRGgAiiA_Ffq-sgsZTd7dcAl6KpNdbPCxeJQbKXfEdPeKbrejKYQk7E9AvuZ1tK3gk_r3Yc504UJdTyLA8KIPM4ZjIDWpxWsen757sW_jjtIg/duplicati-i83a7217ad93243829c65fbccb0f3aba7.dindex.zip
2023-08-15 20:46:07 -04 - [Information-Duplicati.Library.Main.BasicResults-BackendEvent]: Backend event: Get - Retrying: duplicati-i83a7217ad93243829c65fbccb0f3aba7.dindex.zip (175.57 KB)
2023-08-16 07:56:05 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Main.Operation.Backup.BackendUploader-RetryPut]: Operation Put with file duplicati-be682ac2a34f940a1a7ec01310d9d4879.dblock.zip attempt 1 of 6 failed with message: BadGateway: Bad Gateway error from request https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/drive/root:/Duplicati Backups/onedrive_compact/duplicati-be682ac2a34f940a1a7ec01310d9d4879.dblock.zip:/createUploadSession
at Duplicati.Library.Main.Operation.Backup.BackendUploader.<DoWithRetry>d__21.MoveNext()
2023-08-16 07:56:07 -04 - [Information-Duplicati.Library.Main.BasicResults-BackendEvent]: Backend event: Put - Retrying: duplicati-be682ac2a34f940a1a7ec01310d9d4879.dblock.zip (50.00 MB)
2023-08-16 08:12:04 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 0/5 of remote file duplicati-bd5a40a6538f34d8caa3c7d1595621ee7.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-16 08:12:15 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 0/5 of remote file duplicati-b482aec36285547adbd96e26e78011c19.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-16 08:19:01 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 1/5 of remote file duplicati-b0e536177e5b54ed0aabb35f3cbfff963.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-16 08:19:12 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 1/5 of remote file duplicati-b7d6bd23311cc4ebb8363edb0cebe6ad2.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
2023-08-16 08:19:32 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 1/5 of remote file duplicati-b7d6bd23311cc4ebb8363edb0cebe6ad2.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:02
2023-08-16 08:21:43 -04 - [Retry-Duplicati.Library.Backend.MicrosoftGraphBackend-MicrosoftGraphFragmentRetryIn]: Uploading fragment 4/5 of remote file duplicati-b1163ccf8aba7412cbc2766267cf3b244.dblock.zip failed and will be retried in 00:00:01
and possibly the high-level (entire operation) retries were some of the ones I noticed going by.
Unfortunately the compact command line used a simplified version, so I don’t have better logs.
Possibly @arberg was more consistent, but previously posted profiling data didn’t help much.